l(wi)Y(ji)
~:
()
|(zh)׃ԣP19ijЩW(xu),|(zh)ĿgY(ji)(gu)ܵƉ,Ķ(do)|(zh)ĸ׃ԵĆʧ,Q鵰|(zh)׃|(zh)ļY(ji)(gu)ָ|(zh)иĿgŲ|λá
|(zh)c(dng)Һ̎ijһpHֵ|(zh)Ӳxxxӻxӵڅo늺ɞʼxӠB(ti)˕rҺpHֵQԓ|(zh)ĵcpI
TmֵP32DNA^УA260ֵ_׃ֵһr(yng)ĜضȷQ朜ضȻڽضTmDNA׃ԣP32ָijЩDNAp朻aA֮gĚIl(f)ʹpDNA朞朵^̡sP32ͬԴDNA֮gDNAcRNA֮gֻҪһ̶ȵĉA䌦P(gun)ϵпγsp@һ^̷QsģSأP34һSwĠIB(yng)أw(ni)ܺϳɻϳʳ﹩oһͷЙC
SAԭP36ֲָĶN}ǾSAǰwԦ£}Ҫ壩
øԭøԭļP54oԵøǰw|(zh)QøԭһløԭijNúӽY(ji)(gu)l(f)׃¶γɻģD(zhun)׃ɾлԵø@һ^̷Qøԭļ
øĻģP53øеıFһY(ji)(gu)Ͽh朽(jng)^P@ۯBγɿgY(ji)(gu)@ЩFɱ˴˿γɾضgY(ji)(gu)ą^(q)cخY(ji)ϲD(zhun)a(chn)@һ^(q)QøĻġãP60ij
1ЩƄcø
KهıFγɹrIʹɫᡣøʧȥ˷NƄãP139V^УһСֵ|(zh)ȥֻܿijЩˎﲻҲһСܽʹø֏(f)a(chn)ﲻգc@NƷQ鲻@ֵ|(zh)a(chn)Q鸯
P67֬һ̼λP150ijЩ͵|(zh)ЙCw(ni)ڷֽx^Юa(chn)MһϵֽKһ̼ԭӵЙCCO2H2OጷܻFQһ̼λ^̷Qʮ
ӂf朣P70朏^ϳ;P162еøoøһָھw(ni)Ĥһ̼λCO2ȺfԭӵøoøQ|(zh)ԭ(jng)^һϵøٞfwfӵøͷ(yng)ϳɺ^oøQfwښaȺϳ;P162ԭӿԿH+eָw(ni)xĉAMɵfwҲf(jng)^εķ(yng)ϳwԺַQ늺^
ӂf朡ʺΌxữP73xP165ָһЩÓµĚ(jng)wἰ~ȵӂfጷżxõęC(lin)(q)ADPữҪԸƻԼATP^Qׁy桱ķʽɔ_ữʺĺϳ^̣ĶߣMһֹ͵|(zh)ǽͽ⣨P89ǻǵĺϳԭڟolֽ飨ʮһ
^̷Qǵğo뱣(f)ƣP172DNAַQǽͽӵď(f)ģʽpP94ָϴ_朸ģǻԭl³c以a朣һصֽCO2HDNAp(f)ƳH2OጷŴ^cHȫͬӴ
DNAӴDNAеһlǮ;P103ָ朁Hһl?zhn)ıͪǵľߺϳɵ@N(f)ƷʽQw(yng)^̡뱣(f)
ˣ
ƬΣP174ָ֬ᣨP110DNA(f)SϵIJ֬w(ni)ϳBm(x)DNAƬʳДzȡ֬D(zhun)䛣P172ijЩRNAQ֬RNAģϳͻϩDNA^cD(zhun)䛷
Q鷴D(zhun)֬ӆTP112ڣʮ
֬MеĸڲQD(zhun)䛣P185һ֬øĴˮ₀DNApx֬Ͳ朷ģѪԹM朲ͬһl^̷Q֬ij(ji)еijT
һl朞ģMD(zhun)ͪwP115μЦһ(ji)ϿɷɵoøA^䌦(yng)朞ģֿsD(zhun)䛵@NxԷQ鲻£uͱͪ@NQD(zhun)|(zh)y(tng)Qͪwa朣P185ڽY(ji)(gu)ţ
DNApֻһ谱ᣨP139wl朿ģ壬Qģ(ni)8Nܺϳc以aһl@Щw(ni)ҪֲԷQ龎a朡ϳʳ﹩(yng)ĺøָY(ji)(gu)ᣬQ谱дԵһiᡢ
RNA
1ʮ
ܴaӣP197mRNAÿĺMһMγ(lin)wһNϢQzܴaܴa_xܣmRNAе5-˵ʼܴaAUG3-˽Kֹܴa֮gĺQ_x˵wѭh(hun)P201202Mxĺ˵wѭh(hun)ָ机ϳɵLAΣ(jng)MλĺD(zhun)λEʹM˵wۺϳɶ朵^̡@һ^ں˵wBm(x)ѭh(hun)MֱKֹAÿ(jng)^һκ˵wѭh(hun)һᡣVxĺ˵wѭh(hun)ָgȫ^ʮģ
_P208ָD(zhun)䛼g^̣DNARNA|(zh)Ăf^
ʽԪP210ָc˻_{(dio)P(gun)خDNAʽӣP210һЩ܉ֱӻgcʽԪĶӰ푻_ĵʮ壩
̣P218Mп¡ÿ¡Ļ_ƂضĵĮa(chn)켚wõķP(gun)Ĺy(tng)Q
ۺø朷(yng)P225һwٵģ錧(do)ضDNAДUg(sh)
ʮ
GףBY(ji)ϵָнY(ji)GDPʧY(ji)GTPɷN׃ʽGTPøԣڼ̖ͨ·̖D(zhun)Q_P(gun)õһM|(zh)
ڶʹP232ڼ(ni)fخ̖С|(zh)cAMPcGMPCa2+DAGIP3ȷQڶʹʮߣ
ˮ늽|(zh)xw(ni)ˮ늽|(zh)ƽԪأP250ռwf֮һÿҪ100mgµԪطQԪءʮˣ
xжP2652
Ѫ{NaHCO3ԭl(f)
ʹѪ{[NaHCO3]/[H2CO3]ıֵ׃СpHQxж
xԉAжP265Ѫ{NaHCO3ԭl(f)ʹѪ{[NaHCO3]/[H2CO3]ıֵpHߣQxԉAжʮţ
D(zhun)P271ǠIB(yng)|(zh)(jng)^߀ԭˮͽY(ji)ϵȷ(yng)ʹ䶾ԽˮԺ͘OԸ׃ųw@һ^̷QD(zhun)đ֭ᣨP275ָđ̴ڸμн(jng)һϵøɵđ֭ᡣ
}
1.|(zh)ĻMɆλʲôY(ji)(gu)ʲô
|(zh)ĻMɆλǰY(ji)(gu)پ-ڳʰRHఱRH
2.ʲôǵ|(zh)ĶY(ji)(gu)ҪʽЃɷNкνY(ji)(gu)
|(zh)ĶY(ji)(gu)ָ朹Ǽԭӵgλã漰ᚈ(c)朵Ę(gu)ҪʽЦ-ͦ-ۯB-Y(ji)(gu)ĽY(ji)(gu)cٶĆԪλԦ-̼ԭӞD(zhun)cγӽY(ji)(gu)ÿȦ3.6ᚈݾ0.54nmеÿIN-H͵ĂIʻγɚIIķLSƽܸᚈRF(c)-ۯBĽY(ji)(gu)cٶ朳չ?fn)B(ti)ĆԪ֮gۯBXY(ji)(gu)ƽgAǞ110ڃɶϵĦ-ۯBY(ji)(gu)ƽgI(wn)-ۯBY(ji)(gu)IcۯBLSֱۃɗl朵ͬҲ෴RFeXY(ji)(gu)·
3.ʲôǵ|(zh)׃׃Եı|(zh)ʲô׃cP(gun)ϵ
ijЩͻW(xu)|(zh)ضĿg(gu)ƉģĶ(do)|(zh)ĸ׃
ĆʧQ鵰|(zh)׃ADPM뾀
׃Եı|(zh)ǶIwʹữӿ졣ǹrIƉ漰һADPpἉY(ji)(gu)аеĸĻٶȜp
׃׃cP(gun)ϵ׃2.fữƄԵĵ|(zh)ڳķNÙC
ĵ|(zh)һ׃ٺƄCƣڣ
خλ朵1.(ni)ҪRNAӂfڽż(lin)CƣҪƉӂfĿĤmRNA鵰|(zh)|(zh)늻W(xu)ݶͳṩֱģ
ữ_ATPøtRNAڵ|(zh)ϳ^ƄCƣͬrNdwӂfATPɡrRNAǺwĽMɲߣ
wǵ|(zh)1.ѭh(hun)ҪcɵĈ
x
snRNAchnRNAļҪcٱlӣ
MǙCwҪĮa(chn)øдõ;Dzķ(yng)RNA
wϵܱ횲ag2.mRNAĮa(chn)
Y(ji)(gu)c
xTCAѭh(hun)mRNAĽY(ji)(gu)w(ni)IB(yng)|(zh)صc5-ĩ7-BֽĹͬͨ·TCAᣨm7GpppNñӽY(ji)ѭh(hun)w(ni)|(zh)x(lin)ϵ(gu)3-ĩ˵ĶAβY(ji)Ęм~
(gu)
2.Ǯ3.tRNAĽY(ji)(gu)cx
ٺжNϡЉAھߢپSѪǝoh(hun)Y(ji)(gu)3-ĩBж䷴ܴa܉ãIǮRemRNAܴaSAƽ܅f(xi)壩
x
1.ԇøһ3.ѪǵāԴȥЩͬc·ͬcٻW(xu)(yng)ǰ]Դʳǵ|(zh)ĸ׃ֻܴڸԭֽǮW(xu)SĻW(xu)(yng)
ֻܼٿ淴(yng)Mȥ·ֽ(yng)ܳ׃(yng)ƽںϳԭ棻D(zhun)c܌淴(yng)(yng)׃?yu)|(zh)Sź淴(yng)дáͬcø(yng)ИOߣˣ
ĴЧøٷ(yng)1.oøAā·ȥи߶ȵخøٷ·
(yng)п{(dio)(ji)øԁ·ǵķֽxa(chn)в(wn)ԡ
oøA֬ķ2.eføĸֽxa(chn)oøAü䌍H(yng)xͪͪǰ𰸞61퓵һֽxa(chn)oøAε62퓵ĵڶȥ·ٽ(jng)ѭh(hun)ضϳͪwģ
ԭϳ֬1.fCw{(dio)(ji)ԭϣϳđ̴ĻõؼCԭ
ƄCƣͨ^2.ʲôѪ{֬ף朵ӂfʹխ֬Ӿܶݺữ_ͬrƶȳxķɌӂfATPɁ֞Ď֮ữڼנgP(gun)ϵʲôCƣ̼CwҪá
ͮa(chn)ͬrCƣѪ{֬ףѪ{֬נT(do)Ĥ|(zh)ˮˮNa+K+-ATPøɣx֬c嵰Y(ji)ʹATPٷֽADPͺcd֬Y(ji)PiADPMγ֬ףQѪ{֬ữATP/ADPֵCƣCwATPӣ
2Cǰ¦ӾM---֬֬x֬װװ׳CVLHMLDDxDLLLD(zhun)D(zhun)D(zhun)D(zhun)\\\\(ni)đԴԴԴđʸʵδΣţѪāԴcȥ·ԴٰÓɵİ@ǰҪԴIKԴİȰIСƤйȰøĴɵİcյİаʳﵰڴc(ni)(jng)ɵİcøɵİ
ȥ·ڸKϳSų@ǰҪȥ·ڰcȰڹȰϳøĴºϳɹȰۺϳDZ谱ʉAउAİֱSųwʮ
^ʺऺ^ϳɵĮͬcʺcऺ^ϳ^ԭϳɳ{(dio)(ji)ȷĮͬc±ʾʺऺԭ춬춬ȰCO2PRPPһCO2һ̼λ̼(Hλϳ)PRPPȺϳɳɺǷभh(hun)cϳɺǽY(ji)γɺխh(hun)γʺᷴʺऺᷴᷴ{(dio)PRPP(ji)PRPPϳøϳɰøϳɰD(zhun)ø춬øᰱʼ(yng)D(zhun)Ƶøøʼ(yng)ø(ʮһ)ԇcԭDNA(f)^|(zh)á
pDNA_Ɇ朵ăɗl朾ģָ(do)DNAĺϳdNTP(f)ƵԭDNAۺø朵ĺϳԭDNAۺøIIIď(f)øһСRNAṩx3-OHø͵ӣø_DNApDNAؓ䮐(gu)ø׃DNAB(ti)DNAøϳRNADNAY(ji)ϵY(ji)ϲ(wn)_DNA朣BøBSЃɂDNAƬʮD(zhun)䛮a(chn)5-ACGUAU-3,(yng)ģ朣a
ģ朣5-ATACGT-3a朣5-ACGTAT-3ʮ
3zܴaЩ?Bm(x)ԡԡͨ[ԡʮ壩
ؽMDNAg(sh)ԭ^̣
ԭĿDNAƬκdwBɞؽMDNAӣ@ؽMDNAӌ(do)ДU_^̣ƂĿĻP(gun)dwڌĿĻdwMBیؽMDNA(do)wDNAؽMwĺYxcbDNAؽMwĔU_о(ʮ)
ˮĹ{(dio)(ji)wأڴMc|(zh)x\ݔܝݽY(ji)ˮY(ji)ˮֽMΑB(ti)ӲȺ͏\һʮˣ
AƽҪ\ָ(bio)
Ѫ{pHѪ{̼։PCO2یH̼}AB͘(bio)(zhn)̼}SBܾ_ABB݉AʣࣨBEAȱʧBDxg϶AGʮţ
đtصāԴȥ·Դ80%Դ˥ϼtƉጷŵѪtķֽ20%ڼtɫ^ø^øȺF߲ȥ·đtγɺMѪҺđtأ嵰(f)ʽ\ݔ?sh)Kđtرμzȡڰ{đtcwףYZףY(ji)ϱ\ݔ(ni)|(zh)W(wng)ڃ(ni)|(zh)W(wng)đtҪȩY(ji)γɽY(ji)đtSđ֭McY(ji)đtMccÓȥȩ߀ԭđԭđԭSSų1020%ɱcMwѭh(hun)(jng)To}дSđ֭cٲMwѭh(hun)(jng)ISų
Uչxl(wi)УW(xu)Y(ji)
l(wi)УW(xu)Y(ji)
Fl(wi)Уѽ(jng)ֹͣF(xin)ҪY(ji)һ@ĵʧ^úõķ̎ʹԼ^·ҲǞ˿匢Ҫߵ·.
mȻҵČW(xu)(x)ɿǷdz҅sڌW(xu)(x)Mի@˺ܶࡣҶˌW(xu)(x)B(ti)ҿMl(wi)УrԭһԼǺܿҾl(wi)УČW(xu)(x)ǸҪMJ܇ͬƴ،W(xu)(x)_l(wi)УČW(xu)(x)óеԼl(wi)УČW(xu)(x)ǘʽώnvȻԼȥȥ@r(x)ܺƲǺҪL(x)ԁ֪ҪW(xu)ֻ^W(xu)DzеģҪW(xu)ʽķʽƣ֮~֮ԝOҁ@Ŀ(bio)ҪW(xu)Oʲô˼֮̎ՈڌW(xu)(x)rԡ˼ԼڌW(xu)(x)֪R@ΕrҸcώ˝صĎxώՁՁdʹI(lng)ˌW(xu)(x)ĘȤc߅SͬҲõČW(xu)(x)P(gun)ϵͻ(zhn)yP(gun)W(xu)(x)oՓDzе߀Ҫõoɡό`nĕrҶȡC״҂ԞԼëǐۺһăãۺһښW(xu)S|؝ʹ܌W(xu)Ҳѽ(jng)Լƣڡ@䌍ã^FھڏVһΕrg(ni)עһNW(xu)ضܸضò@T֪RԏҰl(f)F(xin)Լ@ë͆}ҳ]ԼҲһă
ͨ^l(wi)УҌW(xu)˺֪ܶRҪoɣ˼׃SҲJRSͬW(xu)ώcā|(zh)JһЩ̎ŬC
l(wi)У@lϵһСWWl(f)һСΣ˺ˮի@_xP(gun)Ҫ
ʾP(gun)ڡl(wi)УY(ji)oķHչ˼Sʹl(wi)УY(ji)ԓƪ½h(chung)
ԴW(wng)j(lu) ؟(z)ăHތW(xu)(x)a(chn)(qun)}Ո(lin)ϵ҂rh